Instituto de la Ciencia y Tecnología en América Latina (ICTAL) - Tag - BiologiaPortal dedicado a la ciencia, el desarrollo, y los derechos humanos... 2024-03-18T13:03:04-04:00urn:md5:c3c53f2c54ac152a71614d9b9f660d3dDotclearA viagem de Alfred Russel Wallace ao Brasilurn:md5:808ad9100d64046b6b422c899df4550f2024-02-01T09:22:00-04:002024-02-01T09:22:00-04:00cguajonLibrosBiologiaBrazilHistoria de la cienica <figure style="float: left; margin: 0 1em 1em 0;"><a class="media-link" href="https://www.ictal.org/public/noticias/2024/russellwallacebrazil.png"><img alt="russellwallacebrazil.png, Feb 2024" class="media" src="https://www.ictal.org/public/noticias/2024/.russellwallacebrazil_m.png" /></a></figure>
<p>A viagem de Alfred Russel Wallace ao Brasil<br />
uma aplicação de história da ciência no ensino de Biologia<br />
By ROSA ANDREA LOPES DE SOUZA <br />
Editora Dialética (2021)</p>
<p><br />
Esta obra, de abordagem inclusiva da História da Ciência no ensino de Biologia, foi orientada pelos seguintes objetivos: 1) desenvolver o estudo de um episódio histórico envolvendo a viagem do naturalista inglês Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) ao Brasil, no século XIX; 2) desenvolver um estudo empírico de utilização de episódio da História da Biologia no ensino e aprendizagem de conteúdos de Biologia por meio da elaboração, validação, aplicação e avaliação de uma sequência didática; 3) investigar os efeitos da utilização de um episódio de História da Biologia sobre aspectos motivacionais e emocionais dos alunos durante o ensino e aprendizagem de conteúdos de Biologia. A viagem de Wallace à Amazônia foi analisada segundo a metodologia de pesquisa em História da Ciência, fazendo uso de fontes primárias e secundárias. Esse estudo gerou um material que pode servir de subsídio ao professor que deseje abordar esse episódio histórico em sala de aula. As palmeiras amazônicas estudadas por Wallace serviram de base para os alunos realizarem uma série de atividades relacionadas ao ensino de conteúdos científicos considerados complexos e distantes do seu dia a dia, como é o caso da classificação filogenética. Esta obra também contribui com a divulgação de uma metodologia para investigar aspectos motivacionais e emocionais dos alunos na aprendizagem de conteúdos de Biologia.</p>
<p>Cont'd.</p>
<p>LINK:<br />
<a href="https://a.co/d/j0hEfIB">https://a.co/d/j0hEfIB</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>Impact Report 2022urn:md5:4a846f6fad69c753153a4e00f838bbbe2023-08-14T22:05:00-04:002023-08-14T22:05:00-04:00cguajonNoticieroAmérica LatinaBiologiaEcuador <p><br />
<br />
Source: Charles Darwin Foundation</p>
<p><br />
Dear Members, Friends, and Supporters<br />
of the Charles Darwin Foundation,<br />
It is a great pleasure to present our 2022 Impact<br />
Report. The year has proven to be a particularly<br />
strong one with our research programs returning<br />
to full swing after the COVID-19 pandemic.<br />
We’ve achieved a great many milestones, both<br />
institutionally and in terms of our research, which<br />
I invite you to explore them in more detail in this<br />
report.</p>
<p>Strategic Highlights</p>
<p>After a year in the making, we formally launched<br />
our 5-year Institutional Strategic Plan last<br />
October and we are now finalizing our Science<br />
Plan, which will guide CDF’s research priorities<br />
for the next 10 years. The Science Plan will be<br />
published in the second half of 2023. We have<br />
further strengthened our leadership team with<br />
the recruitment of a Director of Marketing and<br />
Communications, and bolstered our Science<br />
department with two key hires on our marine<br />
projects. And finally, we proudly launched our<br />
US charitable partner Friends of the Charles<br />
Darwin Foundation in June, that makes supporting<br />
conservation research and activities to safeguard<br />
Galapagos easier than ever for US based<br />
individuals, corporations, and foundations.</p>
<p>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</p>
<p>In research, we have continued to make great<br />
advances. First, on the critically endangered<br />
species front we were finally able to pick up<br />
monitoring of the Mangrove Finch again and our<br />
scientists documented new breeding pairs for the<br />
season. With a population size of less than 100<br />
individuals remaining in the wild, such additions<br />
are noteworthy and cause for hope. Similarly, with<br />
the Little Vermilion Flycatcher recovery program on<br />
Santa Cruz Island now running for several years,<br />
we have observed an increase in its distribution<br />
range, which is a very promising sign.</p>
<p><br />
Cont'd</p>
<p>LINK:<br />
<a href="https://www.darwinfoundation.org/en/publications/annual-report/impact-report-2022">https://www.darwinfoundation.org/en/publications/annual-report/impact-report-2022</a></p>
<p> </p>Walsh, The Religion of Life (2022)urn:md5:a6d3042aae25faf920664411b43f96bd2023-07-23T22:17:00-04:002023-07-23T22:17:00-04:00cguajonLibrosBiologiaChileHistoria de la cienica <figure style="float: left; margin: 0 1em 1em 0;"><a class="media-link" href="https://www.ictal.org/public/editorial/2023/eugencis_chile.jpg"><img alt="eugencis chile.jpg, Jul 2023" class="media" src="https://www.ictal.org/public/editorial/2023/.eugencis_chile_m.jpg" /></a></figure>
<p><strong>The Religion of Life: Eugenics, Race, and Catholicism in Chile</strong><br />
Sarah Walsh<br />
University of Pittsburgh Press, 2022</p>
<p><br />
The Religion of Life examines the interconnections and relationship between Catholicism and eugenics in early twentieth-century Chile. Specifically, it demonstrates that the popularity of eugenic science was not diminished by the influence of Catholicism there. In fact, both eugenics and Catholicism worked together to construct the concept of a unique Chilean race, la raza chilena. A major factor that facilitated this conceptual overlap was a generalized belief among historical actors that male and female gender roles were biologically determined and therefore essential to a functioning society. As the first English-language study of eugenics in Chile, The Religion of Life surveys a wide variety of different materials (periodicals, newspapers, medical theses, and monographs) produced by Catholic and secular intellectuals from the first half of the twentieth century. What emerges from this examination is not only a more complex rendering of the relationship between religion and science but also the development of White supremacist logics in a Latin American context.</p>
<p><br />
Cont'd.</p>
<p>LINK:<br />
<a href="https://upittpress.org/books/9780822946649/">https://upittpress.org/books/9780822946649/</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>Latin America’s bird scientists issue manifesto to end marginalizationurn:md5:36595f60284043c0424f762773bdd1592023-06-20T10:02:00-04:002023-06-20T10:02:00-04:00cguajonNoticieroAmérica LatinaBiologia <p><br />
Source: Science</p>
<p><br />
Two years ago, a group of ornithologists was outraged by the publication of a paper that highlighted how much scientists still don’t know about birds from Latin America and the Caribbean. Many criticized the authors—based at universities in the United States and the United Kingdom—for citing few studies by scientists from the region and from journals that don’t publish in English. Others said the paper, published in Ornithological Advances, perpetuated an elitist, exclusionary, “northern” approach that has overlooked the knowledge produced by Latin American experts and Indigenous people.</p>
<p>“It made me angry,” recalls bird ecologist Ernesto Ruelas Inzunza of the University of Veracruz in Xalapa, Mexico. “Deliberately or not,” he says, the article ignored “that today’s neotropical ornithology is nurtured by Latin American and Caribbean scientists.” He and others vowed to change that by smashing an array of barriers that they say have long disadvantaged ornithologists from neotropical nations and deprived the field of their contributions. Yesterday, their resolve bore fruit in two papers published in Ornithological Applications.</p>
<p>In one, 124 authors from the region examine numerous factors—including a shortage of funding, few Latin American ornithologists in leadership roles, and a bias against citing papers in Spanish and Portuguese—that they say have often marginalized the region’s researchers. In the other, a smaller group offers 14 recommendations for how the field’s major journals can revise their policies and practices to improve the flow of science from the region’s bird scientists.</p>
<p><br />
Cont'd.</p>
<p>LINK:<br />
<a href="https://www.science.org/content/article/latin-america-s-bird-scientists-issue-manifesto-end-marginalization">https://www.science.org/content/article/latin-america-s-bird-scientists-issue-manifesto-end-marginalization</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>American Scientists Bringing Animals Back From Extinctionurn:md5:9de0cbd735caab7c3a12aab95a79e0712023-06-13T09:28:00-04:002023-06-13T09:28:00-04:00cguajonNoticieroAmbienteBiologiaHistoria de la cienicaInternacional <p><br />
Source: Ancient Origins</p>
<p> </p>
<p>In a world where the delicate balance of nature is threatened by human activities, a group of American scientists has taken on an extraordinary mission. Hidden away within the walls of San Diego Zoo’s “frozen zoo”, a remarkable collection is being safeguarded, containing a vast array of living cells from endangered and extinct species. Established in 1975, this visionary project was conceived by Dr. Kurt Benirschke, who recognized the urgency of preserving these animals' genetic materials for future generations.</p>
<p>Now, under the expertise of Marlys Houck and Barbara Durrant, the frozen zoo has become the largest and most diverse collection of its kind, housing over 10,000 individuals and nearly 1200 species and subspecies. Through the power of freezing cells at bone-chilling temperatures, these scientists are holding these cells in suspended animation, their vitality waiting patiently to contribute to a groundbreaking solution - bringing species back from the brink of extinction.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Cont'd.</p>
<p>LINK:<br />
<a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/videos/frozen-zoo-0018624">https://www.ancient-origins.net/videos/frozen-zoo-0018624</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>Signy Research station 75th anniversary; RRS Sir David Attenborough visiturn:md5:72f8d8ec2d537384468aa2d9d6d57d272022-03-24T13:52:00-04:002022-03-24T13:52:00-04:00cguajonNoticieroArgentinaBiologiaInternacional <p><br />
Source: MercoPress</p>
<p><br />
This week RRS Sir David Attenborough visited South Georgia arriving at the upgraded wharf for the first time at King Edward Point marking a new chapter for polar science</p>
<p>The Falkland Islands flagged icebreaker also made its first and last call of the season to Signy island, picking up the 21/22 station team as they close down the station for another year.</p>
<p>2022 has been a special year for the Signy Research Station since it celebrated its 75th birthday. Scientific research began on Signy Island in March 1947 when a three-man team established a site in Factory Cove above the old whaling station.</p>
<p><br />
Cont'd.</p>
<p>LINK:<br />
<a href="https://en.mercopress.com/2022/03/24/signy-research-station-75th-anniversary-rrs-sir-david-attenborough-visit">https://en.mercopress.com/2022/03/24/signy-research-station-75th-anniversary-rrs-sir-david-attenborough-visit</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>Scientific survey of penguins response to climate change in Falklands, South Georgia and Antarcticaurn:md5:d4cdac321888b6808b941b5d243d30872022-02-12T12:52:00-04:002022-02-12T12:52:00-04:00cguajonNoticieroAmérica LatinaBiologia <p><br />
Source: MercoPress</p>
<p><br />
<br />
<br />
An international team of scientists, including two from the University of Bath, has just arrived back from an expedition studying penguin colonies in the Falkland Islands, South Georgia, and Antarctic Peninsula, reports Phys-org.</p>
<p>Dr. Jane Younger, Prize Fellow and Lecturer in the Milner Centre for Evolution at the University of Bath co-led the expedition with Dr. Gemma Clucas, a seabird biologist who comes from Bath but is now based at Cornell University, (Ithaca, U.S.).</p>
<p>Along with Jane's Ph.D. student, Katie O'Brien, the three scientists were part of a team of nine researchers from six institutions and three countries, all studying different aspects of the penguins' response to climate change.</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>Cont'd.</p>
<p>LINK:<br />
<a href="https://en.mercopress.com/2022/02/12/scientific-survey-of-penguins-response-to-climate-change-in-falklands-south-georgia-and-antarctica">https://en.mercopress.com/2022/02/12/scientific-survey-of-penguins-response-to-climate-change-in-falklands-south-georgia-and-antarctica</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>Científicos cuentan las especies de árboles del mundo y más del 40% está en Sudaméricaurn:md5:323f3a336715ed7b28070339140658232022-02-05T09:17:00-04:002022-02-05T09:17:00-04:00cguajonNoticieroAmbienteAmérica LatinaBiologia <p><br />
Fuente: Voz de America</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>Desde el pehuén en el cono sur hasta el eucalipto azul de Tasmania en Australia, desde los baobabs de Madagascar hasta las secuoyas gigantes de California, el mundo ha sido beneficiado con una gran cantidad de especies de árboles, que un nuevo estudio cuantificó.</p>
<p>Investigadores presentaron el lunes la mayor base de datos forestal del mundo, que incluye más de 44 millones de árboles individuales en más de 100.000 lugares de 90 países, lo que les permite calcular que la Tierra cuenta con unas 73.300 especies de árboles.</p>
<p>La cifra es un 14% superior a estimaciones anteriores. De ese total, se estima según modelos estadísticos que existen unas 9.200 que aún no han sido identificadas por la ciencia, y una gran proporción de ellas en Sudamérica, según los investigadores.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Cont'd.</p>
<p>LINK:<br />
<a href="https://www.vozdeamerica.com/a/cientificos-cuentan-especies-arboles-mundo-mas-del-40-esta-en-sudamerica/6420812.html">https://www.vozdeamerica.com/a/cientificos-cuentan-especies-arboles-mundo-mas-del-40-esta-en-sudamerica/6420812.html</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>New dangers? Computers uncover 100,000 novel viruses in old genetic dataurn:md5:80fca95d1a038d59445389e9da3d0fa32022-01-27T17:42:00-04:002022-01-27T17:42:00-04:00cguajonNoticieroBiologiaHistoria de la cienica <p><br />
Source: Science Magazine</p>
<p><br />
It took just one virus to cripple the world’s economy and kill millions of people; yet virologists estimate that trillions of still-unknown viruses exist, many of which might be lethal or have the potential to spark the next pandemic. Now, they have a new—and very long—list of possible suspects to interrogate. By sifting through unprecedented amounts of existing genomic data, scientists have uncovered more than 100,000 novel viruses, including nine coronaviruses and more than 300 related to the hepatitis Delta virus, which can cause liver failure. </p>
<p>“It’s a foundational piece of work,” says J. Rodney Brister, a bioinformatician at the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s National Library of Medicine who was not involved in the new study. The work expands the number of known viruses that use RNA instead of DNA for their genes by an order of magnitude. It also “demonstrates our outrageous lack of knowledge about this group of organisms,” says disease ecologist Peter Daszak, president of the EcoHealth Alliance, a nonprofit research group in New York City that is raising money to launch a global survey of viruses. The work will also help launch so-called petabyte genomics—the analyses of previously unfathomable quantities of DNA and RNA data. (One petabyte is 1015 bytes.)</p>
<p>That wasn’t exactly what computational biologist Artem Babaian had in mind when he was in between jobs in early 2020. Instead, he was simply curious about how many coronaviruses—aside from the virus that had just launched the COVID-19 pandemic—could be found in sequences in existing genomic databases.</p>
<p><br />
Cont'd.</p>
<p>LINK:<br />
<a href="https://www.science.org/content/article/new-dangers-computers-uncover-100-000-novel-viruses-old-genetic-data">https://www.science.org/content/article/new-dangers-computers-uncover-100-000-novel-viruses-old-genetic-data</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>Argentina: país modelo para descolonizar la paleontologíaurn:md5:7129655da116ecf97c273b450124b4a92022-01-27T17:41:00-04:002022-01-27T17:41:00-04:00cguajonNoticieroAmbienteBiologiaHistoria de la cienica <p><br />
<br />
Fuente: SciDev</p>
<p><br />
<br />
Para enfrentar el colonialismo que impera en la paleontología de América Latina, es necesario fortalecer regulaciones y comunidades científicas locales, pero también propiciar que la sociedad se apropie de su patrimonio paleontológico, como ha hecho Argentina, afirman especialistas de la región.</p>
<p>En un artículo publicado en Nature Ecology & Evolution, un grupo de paleontólogas revela, tras analizar miles de registros de fósiles archivados en la Base de Datos de Paleobiología (PBDB), que 97 por ciento de los datos sobre fósiles del mundo proviene de investigadores de Estados Unidos y Europa (especialmente Alemania, Reino Unido y Francia).</p>
<p>El estudio también muestra que la historia colonialista, sumada a factores socioeconómicos como el producto interno bruto, la seguridad, la educación, la estabilidad política y el dominio del inglés, favoreció a las naciones de ingreso alto para que investiguen y publiquen sobre fósiles de países menos desarrollados.</p>
<p><br />
Cont'd.</p>
<p>LINK:<br />
<a href="https://www.scidev.net/america-latina/news/argentina-pais-modelo-para-descolonizar-la-paleontologia/">https://www.scidev.net/america-latina/news/argentina-pais-modelo-para-descolonizar-la-paleontologia/</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>Colonial history and global economics distort our understanding of deep-time biodiversityurn:md5:e5794bf6db0aac3dbc16f61bd02f84452022-01-20T10:19:00-04:002022-01-20T10:21:02-04:00cguajonNoticieroBiologiaEvoluciónHistoria de la cienica <p><br />
Source: Nature</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Sampling biases in the fossil record distort estimates of past biodiversity. However, these biases not only reflect the geological and spatial aspects of the fossil record, but also the historical and current collation of fossil data. We demonstrate how the legacy of colonialism and socioeconomic factors, such as wealth, education and political stability, impact the global distribution of fossil data over the past 30 years. We find that a global power imbalance persists in palaeontology, with researchers in high- or upper-middle-income countries holding a monopoly over palaeontological knowledge production by contributing to 97% of fossil data. As a result, some countries or regions tend to be better sampled than others, ultimately leading to heterogeneous spatial sampling across the globe. This illustrates how efforts to mitigate sampling biases to obtain a truly representative view of past biodiversity are not disconnected from the aim of diversifying and decolonizing our discipline.</p>
<p>Main<br />
The fossil record is our only direct evidence of how life on Earth has evolved over time, and reconstructions of deep-time biodiversity provide critical insights into future biodiversity change. The fossil record, upon which these reconstructions are based, is known to be incomplete and unevenly distributed across the globe1,2,3. Various taphonomic, geological and anthropogenic factors have been shown to introduce biases into estimates of deep-time biodiversity, extinction and evolution, and decades of research have documented and attempted to analytically mitigate their effects4,5,6,7. However, considerably less attention has been paid to how historical, social and economic factors influence the global distribution of fossil occurrences, and their consequent effects on our understanding of deep-time biodiversity.</p>
<p>The natural sciences were developed around an extractive process facilitated by European colonialism in the nineteenth century. When zoological and botanical specimens were uncovered during colonial expeditions, they were shipped back to the respective imperial capitals, to be housed in museums, which were rapidly increasing in numbers to accommodate the influx of scientific material8. Many specimens collected during the colonial era are still being used for scientific purposes today by researchers based in these countries. Recently, plankton samples collected from the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the HMS Challenger expedition in the nineteenth century —that made use of the extensive colonial network and relationships developed by Great Britain during that time for the purpose of scientific exploration9—were used for a study led by British authors10. Fossil specimens were no exception, and their collection was dominated by imperial systems and exchanges11. For example, Charles Darwin aboard the HMS Beagle collected fossils in South America that were sent to London and studied by British palaeontologists12. These extractive research practices continue to this day within the natural sciences13, but especially in palaeontology where fossils and their collection underpin the discipline14.</p>
<figure style="margin: 0 auto; display: table;"><a class="media-link" href="https://www.ictal.org/public/noticias/2022/fossil_bias_wealthy_countries.png"><img alt="fossil bias wealthy countries.png, Jan 2022" class="media" src="https://www.ictal.org/public/noticias/2022/.fossil_bias_wealthy_countries_m.png" /></a></figure>
<p><br />
Cont'd.</p>
<p>LINK:<br />
<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01608-8">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01608-8</a></p>
<p> </p>Evolution on the vine: A history of tomato domestication in Latin Americaurn:md5:b8659b1d7d8fc24426ad2840fa66363e2022-01-06T21:07:00-04:002022-01-06T21:08:22-04:00cguajonNoticieroAmérica LatinaBiologia <p><br />
Source: PHys.Org</p>
<p> </p>
<p>The common cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. var. lycopersicum; or (SLL)) is among the world's most widely grown vegetable crops, from big agricultural farms to heirloom grown varieties.</p>
<p><br />
In 2012, the domesticated 'Heinz 1706' tomato, an SLL, became the very first tomato to have its whole genome sequenced in an effort to better understand the world's highest value vegetable crop.</p>
<p>Since then, scientists from around the world have been adding to our rich understanding of the evolutionary variation responsible for the changes within the tomato's 12 chromosomes.</p>
<p> </p>
<figure style="margin: 0 auto; display: table;"><a class="media-link" href="https://www.ictal.org/public/book_reviews/2022/tomato.jpg"><img alt="tomato.jpg, Jan 2022" class="media" src="https://www.ictal.org/public/book_reviews/2022/.tomato_m.jpg" /></a></figure>
<p> </p>
<p><br />
Cont’d.</p>
<p>LINK:<br />
<a href="https://phys.org/news/2020-01-evolution-vine-history-tomato-domestication.html">https://phys.org/news/2020-01-evolution-vine-history-tomato-domestication.html</a></p>
<p> </p>E.O. Wilson, a Pioneer of Evolutionary Biology, Dies at 92urn:md5:8a1859b50d01ae12f24153b9139cc4292021-12-29T10:50:00-04:002021-12-29T10:50:00-04:00cguajonNoticieroBiologiaHistoria de la cienica <p><br />
Source: New York Times</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Edward O. Wilson, a biologist and author who conducted pioneering work on biodiversity, insects and human nature — and won two Pulitzer Prizes along the way — died on Sunday in Burlington, Mass. He was 92.</p>
<p>His death was announced on Monday by the E.O. Wilson Biodiversity Foundation.</p>
<p>When Dr. Wilson began his career in evolutionary biology in the 1950s, the study of animals and plants seemed to many scientists like a quaint, obsolete hobby. Molecular biologists were getting their first glimpses of DNA, proteins and other invisible foundations of life. Dr. Wilson made it his life’s work to put evolution on an equal footing.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Cont’d.</p>
<p>LINK:<br />
<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/27/science/eo-wilson-dead.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/27/science/eo-wilson-dead.html</a></p>
<p> </p>El tesoro de una científica rebeldeurn:md5:af719e2060016edaf5aabd03f696ab362020-02-28T19:21:00-04:002020-02-28T19:22:58-04:00cguajonLibrosBiologiaHistoria de la cienicaPuerto Rico ciencia <p><br />Fuente: Centro de Periodismo Investigativo<br /><br /><br />Ana Roqué de Duprey, luchadora por el derecho al voto de las mujeres que sabían leer y escribir, se encontraba enferma en cama en su casa de Río Piedras. La trataron con leche salpicada de café, jugo de toronja y alcanfor. Tomó poción diurética, caldo y champán. Recibió poción para la tos, ventosas y cataplasmas en el pecho. Luego comenzaron a llegar las ofrendas florales. Era el 3 de octubre de 1933. Roqué dejaba tras de sí una obra científica de carácter olímpico que no vería publicada jamás.<br /><br />Había trabajado durante casi 30 años en un libro sobre plantas y árboles que la consagraría como una de las divulgadoras de la ciencia más importantes del Caribe. Pero fue subestimada por Carlos E. Chardón, una de las autoridades científicas masculinas de principios de Siglo XX. Quedó inédita su Botánica antillana.<br /><br />Para no estropear las páginas amarillentas y debilitadas por el tiempo, cubrí las manos con guantes de tela. Pasé con cuidado la cubierta del manuscrito primero. Apareció el dibujo de una palma real. Debajo se anunciaba el año 1925. Era la versión más pulida y completa encontrada hasta el momento sobre la obra: “Está para terminarse y se vende a una casa editora”, confirmaba una nota al calce de la portada.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.ictal.org/public/noticias/2020/anaroquedurpeybk.jpg" title="anaroquedurpeybk.jpg, Feb 2020"><img src="https://www.ictal.org/public/noticias/2020/.anaroquedurpeybk_m.jpg" alt="anaroquedurpeybk.jpg, Feb 2020" style="margin: 0 auto; display: block;" /></a><br /><br /><br />Cont'd.<br /><br />LINK:<br /><a href="http://periodismoinvestigativo.com/2015/02/el-tesoro-de-una-cientifica-rebelde/">http://periodismoinvestigativo.com/2015/02/el-tesoro-de-una-cientifica-rebelde/</a><br /></p>Powerful antibiotics discovered using AIurn:md5:dbf7f9d0be85941172123f2a66ce3dbd2020-02-21T07:37:00-04:002020-02-21T07:37:00-04:00cguajonNoticieroBiologiaDigitalMedicina <br />Source: Nature<br /><br /><br /><br />A pioneering machine-learning approach has identified powerful new types of antibiotic from a pool of more than 100 million molecules — including one that works against a wide range of bacteria, including tuberculosis and strains considered untreatable.<br /><br />The researchers say the antibiotic, called halicin, is the first discovered with artificial intelligence (AI). Although AI has been used to aid parts of the antibiotic-discovery process before, they say that this is the first time it has identified completely new kinds of antibiotic from scratch, without using any previous human assumptions. The work, led by synthetic biologist Jim Collins at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, is published in Cell1.<br /><br />The study is remarkable, says Jacob Durrant, a computational biologist at the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The team didn’t just identify candidates, but also validated promising molecules in animal tests, he says. What’s more, the approach could also be applied to other types of drug, such as those used to treat cancer or neurodegenerative diseases, says Durrant.<br /><br /><br /><br />Cont'd.<br /><br />LINK:<br /><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00018-3">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00018-3</a><br /><br /><br />Seeds of Power: Environmental Injustice and Genetically Modified Soybeans in Argentinaurn:md5:b81fa9cd1914b670ada7003e6af60b5a2020-02-18T09:11:00-04:002020-02-18T09:11:00-04:00cguajonLibrosArgentinaBiologiaEconomía Política <p><br />Author: Amalia Leguizamón<br /><br /><br />In 1996 Argentina adopted genetically modified (GM) soybeans as a central part of its national development strategy. Today, Argentina is the third largest global grower and exporter of GM crops. Its soybeans—which have been modified to tolerate spraying with herbicides—now cover half of the country's arable land and represent a third of its total exports. While soy has brought about modernization and economic growth, it has also created tremendous social and ecological harm: rural displacement, land concentration, food insecurity, deforestation, violence, and the negative health effects of toxic agrochemical exposure. In Seeds of Power Amalia Leguizamón explores why Argentines largely support GM soy despite the widespread damage it creates. She reveals how the state, agribusiness, and their allies in the media and sciences deploy narratives of economic redistribution, scientific expertise, and national identity as a way to create compliance among the country’s most vulnerable rural residents. In this way, Leguizamón demonstrates that GM soy operates as a tool of power to obtain consent, legitimate injustice, and quell potential dissent in the face of environmental and social violence.<br /><br /><br />Cont'd.<br /><br />LINK:<br /><a href="https://www.dukeupress.edu/seeds-of-power">https://www.dukeupress.edu/seeds-of-power</a><br /><br /><br /></p>América Latina en la COP25: qué hizo y qué se llevaurn:md5:91fa0149a05186ed58c53e1be38d22b62019-12-18T07:48:00-04:002019-12-18T07:48:00-04:00cguajonNoticieroAmbienteAmérica LatinaBiologiaPolitica <p><br />Fuente: SciDev<br /><br /><br /> <br />La sensación generalizada tras el cierre de la cumbre de la ONU sobre Cambio Climático (COP25) de Madrid, el último domingo, es que se perdió una nueva oportunidad de atacar con fuerza el problema global. Lo dijeron el secretario general de las Naciones Unidas, António Guterrez, y ONG ambientalistas e incluso muchas de las partes intervinientes en las negociaciones.<br /><br />Para muchos asistentes, la cumbre resultó un fracaso porque no se pudo avanzar en el artículo VI de la reglamentación del Acuerdo de París, que promueve diversos enfoques para ayudar a los gobiernos a implementar sus contribuciones nacionales mediante la cooperación internacional voluntaria. En ese sentido, podría ayudar a crear una base política para un sistema de comercio de emisiones, que lleve a un precio global sobre el carbono, lo que no se logró.<br /><br />Tampoco se avanzó en el compromiso para que los países reduzcan más los gases de efecto invernadero: con las contribuciones presentadas en París el planeta se encamina a un aumento de temperatura por encima de los 3°C. Estados Unidos, China, e India, los tres mayores emisores, no asumieron ningún compromiso.<br /><br /><br /><br />Cont'd.<br /><br />LINK:<br /><a href="https://www.scidev.net/america-latina/medio-ambiente/noticias/america-latina-en-la-cop25-que-hizo-y-que-se-lleva.html">https://www.scidev.net/america-latina/medio-ambiente/noticias/america-latina-en-la-cop25-que-hizo-y-que-se-lleva.html</a><br /><br /></p>Holy Science: The Biopolitics of Hindu Nationalismurn:md5:2840fba06782b0e5059bfb7ac31358032019-12-13T20:18:00-04:002019-12-13T20:20:32-04:00cguajonLibrosBiologiaCulturaInternacionalPolitica <p><br />By Banu Subramaniam<br /><br />Series edited by Banu Subramaniam and Rebecca Herzig<br /><br />PUBLISHED: June 2019<br />SUBJECT LISTING: Science and Technology Studies, Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, Asian Studies / South Asia<br /><br />Description<br /><br /><a href="https://www.ictal.org/public/noticias/2019/biopoliticsnationalism.jpg" title="biopoliticsnationalism.jpg, Dec 2019"><img src="https://www.ictal.org/public/noticias/2019/.biopoliticsnationalism_m.jpg" alt="biopoliticsnationalism.jpg, Dec 2019" style="float: left; margin: 0 1em 1em 0;" /></a>Behind the euphoric narrative of India as an emerging world power lies a complex and evolving relationship between science and religion. Evoking the rich mythology of comingled worlds where humans, animals, and gods transform each other and ancient history, Banu Subramaniam demonstrates how Hindu nationalism sutures an ideal past to technologies of the present to make bold claims about the Vedic Sciences and the scientific Vedas. Moving beyond a critique of India’s emerging bionationalism, this book explores the generative possibility of myth and story, interweaving compelling new stories into a rich analysis that animates alternative imaginaries and “other” worlds of possibilities.<br /><br /><br />Cont'd.<br /><br />LINK:<br />https://uwapress.uw.edu/book/9780295745596/holy-science/</p>Children Put Canada and Norway on Blast for Climate Failuresurn:md5:2f1553763cdcea2eefee10ab066ef2da2019-12-13T20:13:00-04:002019-12-13T20:13:00-04:00cguajonAmbienteAmbienteBiologiaCanada <p><br />Source: Earther<br /><br /><br /><br />The teens are pissed. Perhaps you’ve heard.<br /><br />Young people have cranked up the pressure all year on world leaders in an attempt to get them to address climate change. In September, 16 teenagers filed a petition against five countries for violating their rights. The petition is in the process of wending its way through an international review process, but those same petitioners have put two more countries on watch.<br /><br />Earlier this week, the same group of kids, including person of the year Greta Thunberg, sent letters to the governments of Canada and Norway arguing they were also to blame for screwing up the future. The two countries have talked a good climate game while continuing to lean on fossil fuels as the cornerstones of their respective economies.</p>
“Canada and Norway in the past have professed to be leaders in responding to the climate emergency,” Michael Hausfeld, the lawyer who is handling the petition for the group, told Earther. “Yet both of them recently announced expansions of production and exports. It’s the opposite direction, particularly from a leader.”<br /><p><br /><br /><br />Cont'd.<br /><br />LINK:<br /><a href="https://earther.gizmodo.com/climate-youth-have-put-canada-and-norway-on-blast-1840420665">https://earther.gizmodo.com/climate-youth-have-put-canada-and-norway-on-blast-1840420665</a><br /><br /></p>Science publishers review ethics of research on Chinese minority groupsurn:md5:e505127eb1ffe9fbc6be5dc93998148d2019-12-09T09:43:00-04:002019-12-09T09:43:00-04:00cguajonDerechos humanosBiologiaChinaDerechos HumanosDigital <p><br />Source: Nature<br /><br /><br /><br />Two science publishers are reviewing the ethics of research papers in which scientists backed by China’s government used DNA or facial-recognition technology to study minority groups in the country, such as the predominantly Muslim Uyghur population.<br /><br />Springer Nature (which publishes Nature) and Wiley want to check that the study participants gave informed consent, after researchers and journalists raised concerns that the papers were connected to China’s heavy surveillance operations in the northwestern province of Xinjiang. China has attracted widespread international condemnation — and US sanctions — for mass detentions and other human-rights violations in the province. The Chinese government says that it is conducting a re-education campaign in the region to quell what it calls a terrorist movement.<br /><br />“We are very concerned about research which involves consent from vulnerable populations,” says a spokesperson from Springer Nature (Nature’s news team is editorially independent of its publisher).<br /><br /><br /><br />Cont'd.<br /><br />LINK:<br /><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03775-y">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03775-y</a><br /><br /><br /></p>