Instituto de la Ciencia y Tecnología en América Latina (ICTAL) - Tag - Historia de la medicinaPortal dedicado a la ciencia, el desarrollo, y los derechos humanos... 2024-03-18T13:03:04-04:00urn:md5:c3c53f2c54ac152a71614d9b9f660d3dDotclearAnimals and the Shaping of Modern Medicine: One Health and its Historiesurn:md5:e576e1457298c3bfbaa71b8dc12710f92019-12-05T09:56:00-04:002019-12-05T09:58:00-04:00cguajonLibrosBiologiaHistoria de la medicina <p><br />Source: Palgrave<br /><br /><br />Authors: Woods, A., Bresalier, M., Cassidy, A., Mason Dentinger, R.<br />Animals and the Shaping of Modern Medicine: One Health and its Histories<br />Palgrave Macmillan; 1st ed. 2018 edition<br /><br /><br /><br /><img src="https://www.ictal.org/public/noticias/2019/.animalsmedicine_m.jpg" alt="animalsmedicine.jpg, Dec 2019" style="float: left; margin: 0 1em 1em 0;" />About this book<br /><br />This book breaks new ground by situating animals and their diseases at the very heart of modern medicine. In demonstrating their historical significance as subjects and shapers of medicine, it offers important insights into past animal lives, and reveals that what we think of as ‘human’ medicine was in fact deeply zoological.<br /><br />Each chapter analyses an important episode in which animals changed and were changed by medicine. Ranging across the animal inhabitants of Britain’s zoos, sick sheep on Scottish farms, unproductive livestock in developing countries, and the tapeworms of California and Beirut, they illuminate the multi-species dimensions of modern medicine and its rich historical connections with biology, zoology, agriculture and veterinary medicine. The modern movement for One Health – whose history is also analyzed – is therefore revealed as just the latest attempt to improve health by working across species and disciplines.<br /><br />This book will appeal to historians of animals, science and medicine, to those involved in the promotion and practice of One Health today.<br /><br /><br />Cont'd.<br /><br />LINK:<br /><a href="https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9783319643366">https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9783319643366</a><br /><br /></p>Hugh Cagle, Assembling the Tropics: Science and Medicine in Portugal’s Empire, 1450–1700urn:md5:12b52ecd59834a10d3988ce3d476671a2019-12-05T09:50:00-04:002019-12-05T09:51:46-04:00cguajonLibrosBrazilHistoria de la cienicaHistoria de la medicina <p><br />Source: Society for the Social History of Medicine<br /><br /><br /><br />Hugh Cagle, Assembling the Tropics: Science and Medicine in Portugal’s Empire, 1450–1700 , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp. xix + 364. £35.99. ISBN 978 1 107 19663 6.<br /><br /><br />David Arnold<br />Social History of Medicine, Volume 32, Issue 3, August 2019, Pages 637–638, https://doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkz050<br />Published: 01 June 2019</p>
<p><img src="https://www.ictal.org/public/noticias/2019/.assemblingtropics_portugal_m.jpg" alt="assemblingtropics portugal.jpg, Dec 2019" style="float: left; margin: 0 1em 1em 0;" />As pioneers of European maritime exploration from the early fifteenth century onwards, the Portuguese confronted unexpected geographies of environmental and epidemiological difference. Guided by classical antiquity, they had expected to find the ‘torrid zone’ of West Africa so hot, barren and arid as to be almost uninhabitable and devoid of vegetation. Instead, once south of the Sahara and having reached the Senegal River, they encountered populous, verdant lands that seemed, contrary to expectation, almost Edenic in nature. At the same time, however, they were forced to recognise that far from being healthy (for them), Africa between the tropics was rife with pestilence. This conundrum forms the starting point for...<br /><br /><br /><br />Cont'd.<br /><br />LINK:<br /><a href="https://academic.oup.com/shm/article-abstract/32/3/637/5509982?redirectedFrom=fulltext">https://academic.oup.com/shm/article-abstract/32/3/637/5509982?redirectedFrom=fulltext</a><br /></p>How human embryonic stem cells sparked a revolutionurn:md5:74dee3f861026f670b7652f6ca814df32018-03-21T06:24:00-04:002018-03-21T06:24:00-04:00cguajonGenéticaBiologiaHistoria de la cienicaHistoria de la medicinaMedicina <p><br />Source: Nature<br /><br /><br /><br />Dieter Egli was just about to start graduate school in 1998 when researchers first worked out how to derive human embryonic stem cells. In the two decades since, the prolific cells have been a fixture of his career. The biologist, now at Columbia University in New York City, has used them to explore how DNA from adult cells can be reprogrammed to an embryonic state, and to tackle questions about the development and treatment of diabetes. He has even helped to develop an entirely new form of human embryonic stem cell that could simplify studies on what different human genes do1.<br /><br />His wide-ranging research established him as a leader in embryonic stem-cell biology, a field challenged by restricted funding and an enthusiasm for competing technologies that don’t carry the same ethical baggage. Still, many say that human embryonic stem cells are now more relevant than ever. “I am very excited about embryonic stem cells,” says Egli. “They will lead to unprecedented discoveries that will transform life. I have no doubt about it.”<br /><br />Embryonic stem (ES) cells provide unparallelled information on early development. Like astronomers looking back to the Big Bang for fundamental insight about the Universe, biologists rake over the molecules inside these remarkable entities for clues as to how a single original cell turns into trillions, with a dizzying array of forms and functions. Scientists have learnt how to turn the cells into dozens of mature cell types representing various tissues and organs in the body. These are used to test drugs, to model disease and, increasingly, as therapies injected into the body. Starting with an attempt to repair spinal-cord injuries in 2010, there have been more than a dozen clinical trials of cells created from ES cells — to treat Parkinson’s disease and diabetes, among other conditions. Early results suggest that some approaches are working: a long-awaited report this week shows improved vision in two people with age-related macular degeneration, a disease that destroys the sharpness of vision2.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Cont'd.<br /><br />LINK:<br /><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-03268-4">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-03268-4</a><br /><br /><br /></p>Asia is the cradle of almost every cholera epidemic, genome studies showurn:md5:636e3aeecdd7919ffed122fe5f9a311e2017-11-13T06:28:00-04:002017-11-13T06:28:00-04:00cguajonGenéticaHistoria de la medicinaInternacionalMedicina <p><br />Source: Science Magazine<br /><br /><br /><br />In perhaps the most famous example of shoe-leather epidemiology, U.K. physician John Snow mapped cholera cases in London in 1854 to pinpoint a water pump on Broad Street as the likely source of a deadly outbreak. Removing the pump handle helped stop its spread. Now, scientists have done similar detective work on a global scale, using 21st-century techniques. By sequencing and comparing hundreds of bacterial genomes, they have shown that all of the explosive epidemics of cholera in Africa and the Americas in the past half-century arose after the arrival of new strains that had evolved in Asia.<br /><br />The work, published in two Science papers this week, could put to rest an old debate about the role of environmental factors in cholera's global burden. It could also have a big impact on the battle against the disease, because it allows public health officials to concentrate their efforts on the imported strains that are likely to be the most dangerous. And it suggests there is no local reservoir for major outbreaks in Africa or the Americas, which means "elimination of cholera in these places is completely achievable," says Dominique Legros, a cholera expert at the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva, Switzerland. "This is music to my ears."<br /><br />Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which spreads through water contaminated with feces. Over the centuries, dangerous strains of the bacterium appear to have spread from Asia to the rest of the world in several waves. The latest, called the seventh pandemic, began in 1961 and is ongoing, causing an estimated 3 million cases each year.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Cont’d.<br /><br />LINK:<br />http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/11/asia-cradle-almost-every-cholera-epidemic-genome-studies-show<br /><br /></p>Lessons from a decade of Apple influence in medicineurn:md5:b0cc76601449724db7b13049c248fa852017-06-27T08:23:00-04:002017-06-27T08:23:00-04:00cguajonNoticieroHistoria de la medicinaMedicinaTecnología <p><br />Source: ARS Technica<br /><br /><br /><br />In early 2008—on the brink of the second generation iPhone’s release—emergency medicine doctor Michael Omori unabashedly gushed over the digital upheaval he saw at the medical community’s fingertips: swipes on slim devices leafed pages of hefty medical books too cumbersome to tote on rounds. Thumb taps quickly summoned archived data into emergency rooms. And light pecks conjured 3D anatomy guides and pill identification tools at the bedside.<br /><br />In a breathless letter to his colleagues in the Journal of Emergencies, Trauma and Shock, Omori scrolled through all this potential. The letter ended succinctly: “The future is now! Join the iPhone revolution.”<br /><br />Ten years into that future, the revolution is still going strong, Omori tells Ars. In their decade of sinking into white coat pockets, iPhones have become embedded in medical education and practices. Pulling out an iPhone every now and then during a hospital shift is “basically the standard of care that’s out there,” he said. Yet, their role and capabilities continue to expand and evolve in doctors’ hands, as he and other experts told Ars. There have been hits and misses along the way, they note, but amid the coup of clinical norms, doctors await even more technological tremors. For instance, many foresee virtual reality-based tools for training surgeons or guiding patients through physical therapy, and they also foresee the coming of age of diagnostic tools powered by machine learning and other artificial intelligence. There’s also the transition of iPhones from doctor sidekicks to patient empowerment, via things like health tracking, HealthKit, and telemedicine.<br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Cont’d.<br /><br />LINK:<br /><a href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/06/back-to-the-iphone-future-lessons-from-a-decade-of-apple-influence-in-medicine/">https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/06/back-to-the-iphone-future-lessons-from-a-decade-of-apple-influence-in-medicine/</a><br /><br /></p>4urn:md5:98edc4ea0425a344618ec155592d06062015-04-04T18:15:00-04:002015-04-04T20:03:30-04:00Rodrigo FernosICTAL 2002-2008América CentralAmérica LatinaAntigua y BarbudaArgentinaBarbadosBeliceBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaCosta RicaCubaEcuadorEl SalvadorGrenadaGuatemalaGuayanaGuayana FrancesaHaitiHispanos en EUHistoria de la cienicaHistoria de la medicinaHistoria de la tecnologíaHondurasJamaicaLesser AntillesMartiniqueMexicoNicaraguaPanamaParaguayPeruPuerto RicoRepublica DominicanaSta. LuciaSurinameTrinidad y TobagoUruguayUS Virgin IslandsVenezuela <p>4</p>